The greater auricular nerve (GAN) is a superficial cutaneous nerve that arises from the cervical plexus. It is the largest ascending branch of the cervical plexus and provides sensory innervation to the skin of the auricle (external ear), parotid gland, and mastoid process.
The superior gluteal nerve arises from the sacral plexus (a complex network of nerves located in the lower back) and innervates the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae muscles.
The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is a branch of the mandibular nerve, and responsible for sensory innervation of the lower teeth and gums, as well as the lower lip and chin. It also provides motor innervation to the mylohyoid muscle, which helps to elevate the floor of the mouth.
The marginal mandibular nerve (MMN) is a terminal branch of the facial nerve (CN VII) and responsible for innervating the muscles of the lower face and lower lip, including the risorius, depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, and mentalis muscles. These muscles are responsible for facial symmetry and expressions such as smiling, frowning, and pouting.
The deep peroneal nerve is a mixed nerve that supplies both motor and sensory functions to the lower leg and foot. It is a branch of the common fibular nerve, which itself is a branch of the sciatic nerve.